I am Jovy Li, i was born on the 20th of July in 1993, year of the Rooster. My sign is Cancer. I was born in Shanghai, China. But i only lived there for 8 months, before i moved to Adelaide, however i only stayed in Adelaide for 3.5 years. After this i moved to Saskatoon, in Canada. Here i stayed for 4.5 years of my life, a majority of it with just my mum, because my dad had gone to Perth to work for a while. After Canada we moved to Perth, where i have been staying for the last 7.8 Years.
My Father was born in Suizhou, in the Hubei Province of China.
My Mother was born in Songzi, in the Hubei Province of China.
Our family migrated from China to Adelaide, because my father went to pursue a PhD. After my dad attained his PhD he was offered a job in Canada, and we soon followed. After this my father got offered a job in the government for agriculture here in Perth. You could say, we followed my father's work where he went, but we finally settled down here.
Our life changed dramatically when we moved from China, one of the major changes was, there was no more "One Child" Policy, so my parents could give birth to my little brother after we arrived in Australia. Also life became a lot easier, because my parents had lived a very hard life in China, with almost no technology at all, and where they were living in a time of poverty in the rural areas of China. So life would have improved quite dramatically.
My parents lived in the age of the great cultural revolution of China, which was a political disaster at the time. It was a hard time, where people were judged by their ancestry such as if they had a rich ancestor then the offspring would have to bear the consequences. This is because at this time it was considered bad to be rich in china, so people tried to stay low. During this time people were deprived of education, and people were dying due to starvation and violence.
However, finally during 1979 the Open Door Policy was released, and China opened themselves to the world, and chinese capitalism.
My Grand parents however did not move around so much.
My father's parents were: Guizhi Li, born 10-11-1935 ( grand father)
and Yinlan Zhang 25-5-1937 (grandmother)
My mother's parents were: Zhonghui Zhang, DOB: 18-11-1921 (grandfather) D.O.D: 2-1-1990
and Yaling Li born in 13-2-1924 (grandmother) she was born in Suichuan.
All of my grandparents were born in Hubei, China. And they lived through a few rough times, such as the change from the national to the communist party. yo man
Thursday, November 27, 2008
Thursday, November 20, 2008
THE 20TH CENTURY
THINGS THAT CHANGED THE 20TH CENTURY
Contents:
3 International conflicts- World war I, World War II, Vietnam
3 Inventions- Air Conditioner, motorised movie cameras, stainless steel
3 social or politcal changes in australia-
3 songs of films that changed the world-
1 Economic Recession- United States which began in July 1981 and ended in November 1982.
1 Fashion Trend-
World War I
The Entente Powers were: France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and their associated empires and dependencies. Numerous other states joined these allies, most notably Japan in August 1914, Italy in April 1915, and the United States in April 1917.
The Central Powers consisted of: Germany and Austria-Hungary and their associated empires. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October 1914, followed a year later by Bulgaria
World War II
The countries involved were:
ALLIED:
United Kingdom (England and Great Britain), United States (America, USA),
Soviet Union (USSR, Russia), France, Canada, Australia, China, Poland, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg, Norway, Yugoslavia.
VIETNAM
Contents:
3 International conflicts- World war I, World War II, Vietnam
3 Inventions- Air Conditioner, motorised movie cameras, stainless steel
3 social or politcal changes in australia-
3 songs of films that changed the world-
1 Economic Recession- United States which began in July 1981 and ended in November 1982.
1 Fashion Trend-
World War I
The Entente Powers were: France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and their associated empires and dependencies. Numerous other states joined these allies, most notably Japan in August 1914, Italy in April 1915, and the United States in April 1917.
The Central Powers consisted of: Germany and Austria-Hungary and their associated empires. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in October 1914, followed a year later by Bulgaria
World War II
The countries involved were:
AXIS:
Italy, Japan, Finland, Germany, Hungary Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia
ALLIED:
United Kingdom (England and Great Britain), United States (America, USA),
Soviet Union (USSR, Russia), France, Canada, Australia, China, Poland, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg, Norway, Yugoslavia.
VIETNAM
Wednesday, November 5, 2008
Jack The Ripper
Who was the Ripper...?
FRANCIS TUMBLETY
Irish-American. Born in Rochester, New York 1833, the youngest of 11 children. He lived in quite a poor family and peddled porn as a young child.
After he grew older, he trained as a self educated, homeopathic physician at the Hahneman Hospital. After this he enjoyed some good money after posing as a "Quack" Indian Herb Doctor in Canada and The United States. He was also known to people as a woman hater and had a collection of uterus's said to be belonging to every kind of woman, and he was the cause of death of some of his patients in Canada and was charged for it. Because of this he fled away overseas. Francis Tumblety was also a man of many names, using alias such as J.H. Blackburn.
FRANCIS TUMBLETY
Irish-American. Born in Rochester, New York 1833, the youngest of 11 children. He lived in quite a poor family and peddled porn as a young child.
After he grew older, he trained as a self educated, homeopathic physician at the Hahneman Hospital. After this he enjoyed some good money after posing as a "Quack" Indian Herb Doctor in Canada and The United States. He was also known to people as a woman hater and had a collection of uterus's said to be belonging to every kind of woman, and he was the cause of death of some of his patients in Canada and was charged for it. Because of this he fled away overseas. Francis Tumblety was also a man of many names, using alias such as J.H. Blackburn.
in 1857, Montreal, Tumblety was arrested on for illegally aborting a prostitutes child, however he was let off scott free without even a trial because "of no true bill" after a bit of debate.
He also had the reputation of being a bit of a military freak with his clothing style and was also considered a homosexual. However, he was caught up in 1864 where his assistant David E. Herold was hanged for allegedly helping assassinate Abraham Lincoln, and he himself had to flee in fear for his identity. However he was caught up in 1865 in St.Louis, Missouri, and was put in prison, however he got out for the plea of mistaken identity. After all these problems he made in America he wisely chose to flee to England.
Tumblety was in England in 1888, and during his time there he claimed to have healed and treated many famous English patients, such as Charles Dickens. However in 1888, 24th of November he was charged with gross indecency by committing homosexual acts, and was set to be put in jail, however his bail was on the 9th of November before the murder of Mary Jane Kelly, the last of the Ripper victims. And because of his schemes in America, he is a large suspect to be the Ripper himself, he died in 1903 possibly because of Syphilis.
One of the main reasons Tumblety was a main subject, is the fact -
He had a known hatred for women especially prostitutes, he openly admitted to Colonel Dunhum and few other men.
"Someone asked why he had not invited some women to his dinner. His face instantly became as black as a thunder-cloud. He had a pack of cards in his hand, but he laid them down and said, almost savagely, 'No, Colonel, I don’t know any such cattle, and if I did I would, as your friend, sooner give you a dose of quick poison than take you into such danger.' He then broke into a homily on the sin and folly of dissipation, fiercely denounced all women and especially fallen women. " Extract from http://www.casebook.org/suspects/tumblety.html
Also another very intriguing fact, is that Tumblety was once married to a prostitute who he loved very much, but broke up with her after he saw her cheat on him with his own eyes. After this he claimed to have "given up on womankind".
Tumblety had no real connections to the murdered victims as far as the police know, however Tumblety had a fond ues of alias's and often the police could not keep and eye on him, so he does not really have a alibi for any of the murders, therefor making him a even more likely suspect.
Francis Tumblety was not a very well known man. He had come from all over the world, and had used many different alias's along the way. However even with the limited amount of information we know of him, there is a sufficient amount of evidence to be used against him. First of all, the first person to find Tumblety as a probable suspect to be "Jack" was a person named Mr.Littlechild. Evidence such as his collection of "preserved uteri", seems to stand out a bit when you think of the murders with "JTR" and how Annie Chapman's uterus was removed in her murder... But however one of the most stand outs in the evidence against him, was the night of the double murder for Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes, the lodging lady for him said that she had seen visible blood stains on his clothes... just coincidence? It is also known that Tumblety would have had some medical practises being a "herb doctor" and quack at some point. And he even worked under a doctor in Rochester, a man named Dr. Lispenard. Even more, found in Dr.Tumblety's belongings left behind were some cash, jewellery and 2 cheap imitation rings... EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANNIE CHAPMAN'S MISSING RINGS. Could this be a killer's trophy of some kind? You'll also find that as soon as Tumblety flew off to America or Canada again, the killings strangely stopped? And Dr.Tumblety was not a man without wealth, he could have supported his time in Whitechapel quite easily. I strongly think that this evidence points Tumblety to the guilty direction. However, a lot of people do not believe that Tumblety was jailed at the time of the last murder of Mary Jane Kelly (she wask killed on the 9th of November). This is false information. Tumblety was arrested for his indecency charge on the 7th of November, and he would have had bail from the police until the time for the next magistrate's meeting, which means he was free to wander around Whitechapel until the 14th, where he was re-arrested again. Therefor he has no alibi for Mary Kelly's murder either.
Francis Tumblety had a known hatred for women, especially prostitutes, because he used to have a relationship with one, but it ended badly because she cheated on him with many other men. Because of this he "had given up on all women kind". This could be a motive to kill the prostitutes. As revenge for what his old lover did to him.
Life was very hard in 1888 for London, it was divided in two very social classes. The West End Residents and The East End Residents. The West End had all the wealth, and the East end was pretty much the poorer slums of London. This is also another reason for "Jack" to attack his victims, because the streets were like a labyrinth it would be very hard to find someone who knew the streets well, where also so dirty and polluted, that there was a smog that went throughout the city that it was hard to see your own hand in front of your face (this was caled "Pea Soupers". Also, since the East End's residents were so poor a lot of the people could not afford houses. For single women this was a problem as they had no-where to go, so a lot of them resorted to prostitution to keep themselves alive. Because of this harsh reality that many of the women could not escape a lot of them became abusive alcoholics.
In all, i strongly believe that Jack the Ripper was in fact, Francis Tumblety. I believe there is enough evidence and motive for him to fit the culprit to be the one who terrorized the streets on London in 1888 and one of the most famous serial killers in history.
bibliography:
http://www.casebook.org/suspects/tumblety.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_suspects
http://www.goldonian.org/sub_pages/jacktheripper.htm
http://www.csicop.org/si/2005-03/strange-world.html
+ the folio's of information provided by Mr.Hanna.
Tumblety was in England in 1888, and during his time there he claimed to have healed and treated many famous English patients, such as Charles Dickens. However in 1888, 24th of November he was charged with gross indecency by committing homosexual acts, and was set to be put in jail, however his bail was on the 9th of November before the murder of Mary Jane Kelly, the last of the Ripper victims. And because of his schemes in America, he is a large suspect to be the Ripper himself, he died in 1903 possibly because of Syphilis.
One of the main reasons Tumblety was a main subject, is the fact -
He had a known hatred for women especially prostitutes, he openly admitted to Colonel Dunhum and few other men.
"Someone asked why he had not invited some women to his dinner. His face instantly became as black as a thunder-cloud. He had a pack of cards in his hand, but he laid them down and said, almost savagely, 'No, Colonel, I don’t know any such cattle, and if I did I would, as your friend, sooner give you a dose of quick poison than take you into such danger.' He then broke into a homily on the sin and folly of dissipation, fiercely denounced all women and especially fallen women. " Extract from http://www.casebook.org/suspects/tumblety.html
Also another very intriguing fact, is that Tumblety was once married to a prostitute who he loved very much, but broke up with her after he saw her cheat on him with his own eyes. After this he claimed to have "given up on womankind".
Tumblety had no real connections to the murdered victims as far as the police know, however Tumblety had a fond ues of alias's and often the police could not keep and eye on him, so he does not really have a alibi for any of the murders, therefor making him a even more likely suspect.
Francis Tumblety was not a very well known man. He had come from all over the world, and had used many different alias's along the way. However even with the limited amount of information we know of him, there is a sufficient amount of evidence to be used against him. First of all, the first person to find Tumblety as a probable suspect to be "Jack" was a person named Mr.Littlechild. Evidence such as his collection of "preserved uteri", seems to stand out a bit when you think of the murders with "JTR" and how Annie Chapman's uterus was removed in her murder... But however one of the most stand outs in the evidence against him, was the night of the double murder for Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes, the lodging lady for him said that she had seen visible blood stains on his clothes... just coincidence? It is also known that Tumblety would have had some medical practises being a "herb doctor" and quack at some point. And he even worked under a doctor in Rochester, a man named Dr. Lispenard. Even more, found in Dr.Tumblety's belongings left behind were some cash, jewellery and 2 cheap imitation rings... EXACTLY THE SAME AS ANNIE CHAPMAN'S MISSING RINGS. Could this be a killer's trophy of some kind? You'll also find that as soon as Tumblety flew off to America or Canada again, the killings strangely stopped? And Dr.Tumblety was not a man without wealth, he could have supported his time in Whitechapel quite easily. I strongly think that this evidence points Tumblety to the guilty direction. However, a lot of people do not believe that Tumblety was jailed at the time of the last murder of Mary Jane Kelly (she wask killed on the 9th of November). This is false information. Tumblety was arrested for his indecency charge on the 7th of November, and he would have had bail from the police until the time for the next magistrate's meeting, which means he was free to wander around Whitechapel until the 14th, where he was re-arrested again. Therefor he has no alibi for Mary Kelly's murder either.
Francis Tumblety had a known hatred for women, especially prostitutes, because he used to have a relationship with one, but it ended badly because she cheated on him with many other men. Because of this he "had given up on all women kind". This could be a motive to kill the prostitutes. As revenge for what his old lover did to him.
Life was very hard in 1888 for London, it was divided in two very social classes. The West End Residents and The East End Residents. The West End had all the wealth, and the East end was pretty much the poorer slums of London. This is also another reason for "Jack" to attack his victims, because the streets were like a labyrinth it would be very hard to find someone who knew the streets well, where also so dirty and polluted, that there was a smog that went throughout the city that it was hard to see your own hand in front of your face (this was caled "Pea Soupers". Also, since the East End's residents were so poor a lot of the people could not afford houses. For single women this was a problem as they had no-where to go, so a lot of them resorted to prostitution to keep themselves alive. Because of this harsh reality that many of the women could not escape a lot of them became abusive alcoholics.
In all, i strongly believe that Jack the Ripper was in fact, Francis Tumblety. I believe there is enough evidence and motive for him to fit the culprit to be the one who terrorized the streets on London in 1888 and one of the most famous serial killers in history.
bibliography:
http://www.casebook.org/suspects/tumblety.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_suspects
http://www.goldonian.org/sub_pages/jacktheripper.htm
http://www.csicop.org/si/2005-03/strange-world.html
+ the folio's of information provided by Mr.Hanna.
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
The Life Of Harriet Tubman
Araminta Ross was born into the world on 1819 in Dorchester Maryland. Oblivious to the world around her, she was going to be born into a life of slavery. Her name was the first names of her parents, and she was descended from pure African ancestry. Her years as an infant passed very quickly, and those days of playing were now far behind. As soon as Araminta turned 6, her life changed very quickly. The days were now only for brutally hard work, and she was whipped and forced to sleep and work in the bitter cold of winter, or the harsh heat of summer. Araminta would try and crawl in front of the fire to keep herself warm, and sometimes in dire weather, she would wait for the fire to reduce to cinders, and put her toes in the ashes as an attempt to stop frostbite. T the current time, Araminta resided with her grandmother who was too old for the harsh slave labour.
Instead of being sent to the fields to do work, Araminta was lent to a man named Edward Brodas, he was a cruel master, who often beat for screwing up the sewing, or slacking off. At one point, Edward forced Araminta to check all the Musk-Rat traps, and because of this extremely unhygienic work, she caught the measles. Because of this Edward sent Araminta back, because he said she was an uncompetent worker. Almost immediately after she recovered, she was sent to another owner, for the chores of Babysitting, and housekeeping. During this time, she was beat a lot, and it wasn't much better then her last master Edward. In the end though, Araminta was given back, because she ate a sugar cube that belonged to her mistress.
At this time Araminta had turned 11, and she would be given her proper name, which was Harriet (her mother's name) Ross. But as life on the cotton fields were harsh, they were not unbearable. Another disaster struck though, as Harriet was 12, she was seriously injured by a blow to the head by a heavy object, that a white overseer threw at her because she refused to help tie up a man trying to escape. Because of this Harriet had many lapses and moments where she seemed to drift away, it was said that she suffered from "Temporal Lobe epilepsy". And she claimed that while she was having her seizures, god was sending her messages. For, Harriet was a very religious woman, as she learned from her grandmother.
In 1844, she married a free black man by the name of John Tubman. But unfortunately he did not share her dream of getting all slaves free. Because Harriet was told that in the north, there was no more slavery, a dream which she had since she was a child. He told her, that she was going for something too big. So after much debate, Harriet realized that she had to leave her husband, and left for Philadelphia in 1849.
To help Harriet a kind white abolitionist assisted her in her trip, by giving her instructions on how to get each safe house. Ideas such as hiding underneath a sack in a wagon was one of them.
After Harriet finally reached her destination, she was paid and given shelter by members of the Underground Railroad. Where she would help slaves escape into safety. Here she even met William Still, who was a renowned Underground Railroad master. With the help of her new allies, Harriet quickly learned all about the Underground Railroad, and the in the following year of 1850, she helped her first lot of slaves escape, and they were her sister's oldest son and his family. To accomplish this task successfully, they would have to remain unseen and unnoticed. To do this Harriet told her friends to board a fishing boat that would lead to Chesapeake Bay, where Harriet would meet them at Boskin's Point and guide them to a safe-house in Pennsylvania, and finally getting them to their free ground of Philadelphia.
After this rescue, and many others, all the members of the Underground Railroad realized how quick and efficient Harriet was and made her an official conductor of the Underground Railroad. As she gained this title, she was granted the knowledge of all the routes and pathways that the Underground Railroad possessed leading to slave free territory. But with great power comes great responsibility, and she made to swear an oath to never reveal anything about the Underground Railroad.
However. The 1850 Slave Fugitive act was passed, and this made it illegal for any person, not mattering if they were a free citizen, would make things a lot harder for the members of the Underground Railroad, so they had to make sure that everything doubly as safe as per usual, and had to move the slaves to Canada instead of Philadelphia.
So at this point, Harriet decided to go get her husband John Tubman to move back with her to Canada, but same as always John had said, there was nothing wrong about the South and remarried in Harriet's absence. So Harriet left, rejected back to her only home, the society of the Underground Railway up North. As Harriet returned home, a new job with Garrett had to be done.
As they reached Garrett's house there were many more run-aways then expected, but Harriet did not back down. In the process of getting the passengers to safety she gave a baby sedative to make sure it's cries did not attract any unwanted attention on the way to Pennsylvania. Here they gathered money and sent the escaped slaves to Canada.
In the Winter of 1852 Harriet returned to the US to help some more slaves to escape. She returned to Maryland, where it was soon renamed the "Land Of Egypt to freedom" and Harriet from here on gained the nickname of "Moses".
Harriet had a legacy to never leave anyone behind, and in one severe case where a man wanted to give up and turn back, Harriet actually pointed a gun at the man's head, and said:
"You're going to die a free man, or I'll kill you right now"
the man quickly shut up after this. Around this time Harriet had a huge bounty of $40,000 on her head, and another $12,000 in Maryland alone.
Sometime in the spring of 1857, Harriet decided to go on a daring rescue to rescue her father Ben Ross, and set off in the broad daylight even with the huge price on her head.
In 1860, Harriet helped 7 more slaves escape to Canada. This was her last rescue as conductor of the Underground Railroad, and in her career, she rescued of 300 slaves, she made 19 trips from South to North, to Canada.
and she never lost a passenger.
In 1861, the Civil war came upon and Harriet soon got caught amidst the action, here she played the roll of Nurse, Spy and Slave rescuer again. She would regularly treat wounded soldiers with herbs and roots that she knew were helpful, and some how Harriet never caught any disease from them. She also rescued over 500 slaves at once at the Combahee River Raid.
After all of this action, in 1869 Harriet was denied payment for her wartime service, and left back to Auburn and married a man named Nelson Davis. And after this they lived a quiet 19 years of good marriage, until Nelson died. After this Harriet was left alone in the world, and she took the view of two things that she had a right to : liberty or death. So she went a built a home for the elderly with friends such as William and Frances Seward. Here she worked, until her death in 1913. When she passed away she gave ownership of her home to a church, and she was buried with military rights in Fort Hill. And a year after her death a 1-day memorial was held in her honour in Auburn.
Harriet Tubman, was truly an inspirational hero.
Bibliography
http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman
http://www.nyhistory.com/harriettubman/life.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html
In 1844, she married a free black man by the name of John Tubman. But unfortunately he did not share her dream of getting all slaves free. Because Harriet was told that in the north, there was no more slavery, a dream which she had since she was a child. He told her, that she was going for something too big. So after much debate, Harriet realized that she had to leave her husband, and left for Philadelphia in 1849.
To help Harriet a kind white abolitionist assisted her in her trip, by giving her instructions on how to get each safe house. Ideas such as hiding underneath a sack in a wagon was one of them.
After Harriet finally reached her destination, she was paid and given shelter by members of the Underground Railroad. Where she would help slaves escape into safety. Here she even met William Still, who was a renowned Underground Railroad master. With the help of her new allies, Harriet quickly learned all about the Underground Railroad, and the in the following year of 1850, she helped her first lot of slaves escape, and they were her sister's oldest son and his family. To accomplish this task successfully, they would have to remain unseen and unnoticed. To do this Harriet told her friends to board a fishing boat that would lead to Chesapeake Bay, where Harriet would meet them at Boskin's Point and guide them to a safe-house in Pennsylvania, and finally getting them to their free ground of Philadelphia.
After this rescue, and many others, all the members of the Underground Railroad realized how quick and efficient Harriet was and made her an official conductor of the Underground Railroad. As she gained this title, she was granted the knowledge of all the routes and pathways that the Underground Railroad possessed leading to slave free territory. But with great power comes great responsibility, and she made to swear an oath to never reveal anything about the Underground Railroad.
However. The 1850 Slave Fugitive act was passed, and this made it illegal for any person, not mattering if they were a free citizen, would make things a lot harder for the members of the Underground Railroad, so they had to make sure that everything doubly as safe as per usual, and had to move the slaves to Canada instead of Philadelphia.
So at this point, Harriet decided to go get her husband John Tubman to move back with her to Canada, but same as always John had said, there was nothing wrong about the South and remarried in Harriet's absence. So Harriet left, rejected back to her only home, the society of the Underground Railway up North. As Harriet returned home, a new job with Garrett had to be done.
As they reached Garrett's house there were many more run-aways then expected, but Harriet did not back down. In the process of getting the passengers to safety she gave a baby sedative to make sure it's cries did not attract any unwanted attention on the way to Pennsylvania. Here they gathered money and sent the escaped slaves to Canada.
In the Winter of 1852 Harriet returned to the US to help some more slaves to escape. She returned to Maryland, where it was soon renamed the "Land Of Egypt to freedom" and Harriet from here on gained the nickname of "Moses".
Harriet had a legacy to never leave anyone behind, and in one severe case where a man wanted to give up and turn back, Harriet actually pointed a gun at the man's head, and said:
"You're going to die a free man, or I'll kill you right now"
the man quickly shut up after this. Around this time Harriet had a huge bounty of $40,000 on her head, and another $12,000 in Maryland alone.
Sometime in the spring of 1857, Harriet decided to go on a daring rescue to rescue her father Ben Ross, and set off in the broad daylight even with the huge price on her head.
In 1860, Harriet helped 7 more slaves escape to Canada. This was her last rescue as conductor of the Underground Railroad, and in her career, she rescued of 300 slaves, she made 19 trips from South to North, to Canada.
and she never lost a passenger.
In 1861, the Civil war came upon and Harriet soon got caught amidst the action, here she played the roll of Nurse, Spy and Slave rescuer again. She would regularly treat wounded soldiers with herbs and roots that she knew were helpful, and some how Harriet never caught any disease from them. She also rescued over 500 slaves at once at the Combahee River Raid.
After all of this action, in 1869 Harriet was denied payment for her wartime service, and left back to Auburn and married a man named Nelson Davis. And after this they lived a quiet 19 years of good marriage, until Nelson died. After this Harriet was left alone in the world, and she took the view of two things that she had a right to : liberty or death. So she went a built a home for the elderly with friends such as William and Frances Seward. Here she worked, until her death in 1913. When she passed away she gave ownership of her home to a church, and she was buried with military rights in Fort Hill. And a year after her death a 1-day memorial was held in her honour in Auburn.
Harriet Tubman, was truly an inspirational hero.
Bibliography
http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman
http://www.nyhistory.com/harriettubman/life.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html
Monday, June 2, 2008
Canadian Economy
Canada is second only to Russia in being the largest in the world. It is also the 8th largest economy in the world. With this it is one of the worlds wealthiest country, therefor of course making it one of the developed economies.
Canada has a variety of natural resources and the main ones are: gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds and lead. However different regions specialize in different kinds of resources as shown below:
British Columbia- Forestry
Alberta - Oil Industry
Newfoundland - Oil Industry
Labrador- Oil Industry
Northern Ontario- mining
Atlantic Provinces- fishing
However, these resources are becoming less and less important to the Canadian economy, as only 4% of all Canadians are employed under these fields. These fields also only provide 6% of the GDP for Canada, although several of Canada's largest companies are based around natural resources e.g. EnCana, Cameco, Goldcorp etc...
The sectors in the Canadian economy that are the largest employers are the:
Retail employers(12% of all Canadians) which is like Super-Markets and chain stores
Business services(just under 12%), which is financial services, real estate and communications
Education and Health(?) these two sectors are Canada's largest employers, however they are currently under the scheme/scope of the government, this sector is growing quite rapidly as well and can pose problems to the government because it would mean more spending funds into schools and educational services.
Canada is a mixed economy. This means that the government makes all the decisions as if to add new hospitals, schools or change the price of tax, but the citizens of the country can effect decisions and adapt to the change fairly well. Mixed economies such as Canada are very effective because they combine the benefits of a planned/capitalist and unplanned economy.
Canada has many resources to choose from, the country being so big. Yet the two biggest industries are ones that have risen in price quite quickly and are of major importance in the world right now. Logging and Oil. Logging would be more Labour Intensive because it requires so much human labour to operate machinery and actually cut down the trees+ drivers etc. Oil would again still be closer towards the side of Labor intensive, because although it does operate through a lot of machinery, it is still required to have people on the job operating everything in the rigs etc.
Canada is a country that depends on primary industries/resources. We know this because two of Canada's major industries are Oil and Forestry which are both primary industries that don't require that much advanced technology. Although it has a few advanced technologies like AeroSpace Technologies they are not used much, so Canada is more or less like a semi-technological country.
Canada, being a very wealthy country, you would think that it has no weaknesses. However, Canada has very imbalanced regions with money equalization. For an example, the four Atlantic provinces in Canada used to be booming with trade and had a growing economy. Now since the fishing industry recently collapsed therefor making the Atlantic provinces a whole lot poorer.
Canada and Australia have a lot to do with one another from the same language, to having too much room for our small population. We both are mixed economies and are both very developed countries with booming economy. But Australia has a lot higher inflation rate due to the actions of previous treasurer Peter Costello. Our major resources are both of great importance in the world today. Australia has Mining and Agriculture as its main industries, whilst Canada has Logging and Oil. The ores that Australia mine are of utmost importance to a lot of countries to power things up and create new things. And food and crops are always in great demand with the growing population of the world, and the oil market currently is in chaos with prices sky rocketing everywhere which means great money for producers such as Canada. Also, Canada and Australia both depend on primary industries such as logging etc. to get all their money, they dont need that much ultra high-tech things. Overall Canada and Australia are very alike.
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Canada
http://www.canadianeconomy.gc.ca/English/economy/overview.html
http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/
Canada has a variety of natural resources and the main ones are: gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds and lead. However different regions specialize in different kinds of resources as shown below:
British Columbia- Forestry
Alberta - Oil Industry
Newfoundland - Oil Industry
Labrador- Oil Industry
Northern Ontario- mining
Atlantic Provinces- fishing
However, these resources are becoming less and less important to the Canadian economy, as only 4% of all Canadians are employed under these fields. These fields also only provide 6% of the GDP for Canada, although several of Canada's largest companies are based around natural resources e.g. EnCana, Cameco, Goldcorp etc...
The sectors in the Canadian economy that are the largest employers are the:
Retail employers(12% of all Canadians) which is like Super-Markets and chain stores
Business services(just under 12%), which is financial services, real estate and communications
Education and Health(?) these two sectors are Canada's largest employers, however they are currently under the scheme/scope of the government, this sector is growing quite rapidly as well and can pose problems to the government because it would mean more spending funds into schools and educational services.
Canada is a mixed economy. This means that the government makes all the decisions as if to add new hospitals, schools or change the price of tax, but the citizens of the country can effect decisions and adapt to the change fairly well. Mixed economies such as Canada are very effective because they combine the benefits of a planned/capitalist and unplanned economy.
Canada has many resources to choose from, the country being so big. Yet the two biggest industries are ones that have risen in price quite quickly and are of major importance in the world right now. Logging and Oil. Logging would be more Labour Intensive because it requires so much human labour to operate machinery and actually cut down the trees+ drivers etc. Oil would again still be closer towards the side of Labor intensive, because although it does operate through a lot of machinery, it is still required to have people on the job operating everything in the rigs etc.
Canada is a country that depends on primary industries/resources. We know this because two of Canada's major industries are Oil and Forestry which are both primary industries that don't require that much advanced technology. Although it has a few advanced technologies like AeroSpace Technologies they are not used much, so Canada is more or less like a semi-technological country.
Canada, being a very wealthy country, you would think that it has no weaknesses. However, Canada has very imbalanced regions with money equalization. For an example, the four Atlantic provinces in Canada used to be booming with trade and had a growing economy. Now since the fishing industry recently collapsed therefor making the Atlantic provinces a whole lot poorer.
Canada and Australia have a lot to do with one another from the same language, to having too much room for our small population. We both are mixed economies and are both very developed countries with booming economy. But Australia has a lot higher inflation rate due to the actions of previous treasurer Peter Costello. Our major resources are both of great importance in the world today. Australia has Mining and Agriculture as its main industries, whilst Canada has Logging and Oil. The ores that Australia mine are of utmost importance to a lot of countries to power things up and create new things. And food and crops are always in great demand with the growing population of the world, and the oil market currently is in chaos with prices sky rocketing everywhere which means great money for producers such as Canada. Also, Canada and Australia both depend on primary industries such as logging etc. to get all their money, they dont need that much ultra high-tech things. Overall Canada and Australia are very alike.
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Canada
http://www.canadianeconomy.gc.ca/English/economy/overview.html
http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/
Monday, May 12, 2008
Western Australian Economy
Western Australian Economy
Western Australia is one of Australia's leading states, in economic growth and is the biggest sate of Australia. Western Australia is one of the worlds leading contributors to petroleum, mining, iron, gas, nickel and gold(WA extracts 75% of the whole of Australia's gold!) . It also produces 20% of the world's Alumina. Not only is WA one of the worlds leading ore and mineral providers, it also has great agricultural exports and imports. It creates and exports things such as wheat, barley and wool. WA even has a rising tourism rates which just tops off WA as being probably one of the best states in the entire country.
WA has many regions since it is such a big state, these different states create different goods and services.
Mining, petroleum, iron ore
GoldFields-
Gold, nickel, agriculture, fishing, wheat, barley
South West-
Alumina, mineral sands, agriculture, timber, viticulture
As mentioned above, Western Australia is a very strong economy with quite a few strengths. But just like everything that seems perfect in life, it has its flaws.
Western Australia's strengths are: good employment rate, high literacy rate, having the highest per capita output then any other state, it includes the state offices of many major banks such as NAB, Westpac and ANZ, it is very good with it's foreign exchange with countries such as China and a few European countries and we are having a HUGE boom.
The Weaknesses of WA are not very noticeable yet there are still some:
The price of our housing and land is sky rocketing due to the demand of housing because of the boom (the price of housing has gone up by over 40% since 2006!), WA is quickly becoming very crowded since it has such high job appeal because of all the job opportunities.
Western Australia like all things around the world is changing. From the rising prices of land, to the developing technologies. WA's changes are majorly contributed by the rising global problems. Global warming seems to be making weather a lot hotter which means more drought for us, the price of fuel is soon going to be $2.00 per litre, due to rising sea levels in the near future our beaches might be too far into shore to properly enjoy any more. Since there are now more people living WA then ever demand and supply for things will be greatly disrupted.
Western Australia is one of Australia's leading states, in economic growth and is the biggest sate of Australia. Western Australia is one of the worlds leading contributors to petroleum, mining, iron, gas, nickel and gold(WA extracts 75% of the whole of Australia's gold!) . It also produces 20% of the world's Alumina. Not only is WA one of the worlds leading ore and mineral providers, it also has great agricultural exports and imports. It creates and exports things such as wheat, barley and wool. WA even has a rising tourism rates which just tops off WA as being probably one of the best states in the entire country.
WA has many regions since it is such a big state, these different states create different goods and services.
The Kimberley-
Pearling, mining, agriculture, aquaculture, indigenous art and tourism
Pilbara-Mining, petroleum, iron ore
GoldFields-
Gold, nickel, agriculture, fishing, wheat, barley
South West-
Alumina, mineral sands, agriculture, timber, viticulture
As mentioned above, Western Australia is a very strong economy with quite a few strengths. But just like everything that seems perfect in life, it has its flaws.
Western Australia's strengths are: good employment rate, high literacy rate, having the highest per capita output then any other state, it includes the state offices of many major banks such as NAB, Westpac and ANZ, it is very good with it's foreign exchange with countries such as China and a few European countries and we are having a HUGE boom.
The Weaknesses of WA are not very noticeable yet there are still some:
The price of our housing and land is sky rocketing due to the demand of housing because of the boom (the price of housing has gone up by over 40% since 2006!), WA is quickly becoming very crowded since it has such high job appeal because of all the job opportunities.
Western Australia like all things around the world is changing. From the rising prices of land, to the developing technologies. WA's changes are majorly contributed by the rising global problems. Global warming seems to be making weather a lot hotter which means more drought for us, the price of fuel is soon going to be $2.00 per litre, due to rising sea levels in the near future our beaches might be too far into shore to properly enjoy any more. Since there are now more people living WA then ever demand and supply for things will be greatly disrupted.
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
Antarctica
Society and Environment:
Climate Change in Antarctica
An Introduction to Antarctica
Antarctica is a huge continent that is 1.4 times bigger then the USA UK
The land features are as follows:
Climate Change in Antarctica
An Introduction to Antarctica
The land features are as follows:
- Has an area of 13,829,430km2
- Has a mountain that is 4892m tall called Mt.Vinson
- 0.32% of
- The average Winter temperature at the South Pole is -60 degrees Celsius.
- The average summer temperature at the South Pole is -27.5 degrees Celsius
- It has the record for the lowest temperature ever -89.2 degrees Celsius, and the windiest place on earth with winds reaching 248.4km/h
- Glaciers
- Deserts
- Mountains
- Plains
- Plateaus
- Valleys
- Nunataks
How has Antarctica been effected by Climate Change?
Antarctica has always been a place that has been known as the coldest place in the world, a place of ice and a place full of interesting biodiversity. And everybody has always expected it to be the same, always keeping the earth's temperature down. But what happens if the Antarctic suddenly disappears? then what happens? The truth is, this is becoming a reality as a result of global warming. Since Antarctica is such a cold place, any rises at all in temperature can have a huge effect on an area. It has been recorded that the average temperature in Antarctica has gone up by 2.5degrees celsius since the 1990s. This has caused ice fields to melt faster then they can grow back, glaciers have begun to show signs of shrinking (all around the world in fact) , it has melted away lands of ice, so that water is in its place. As a result of this, for the first time ever a polar bear has drowned from not being able to find sufficient land to rest upon. Another major thing that has happened in Antarctica is that the Larsen B iceshelf has broken away as shown:
And the terrifying truth of it is, this is only the beginning of the effects of Global warming, and if we don't stop letting off carbon dioxide and living the way we are things are only going to get more and more extreme, not just for Antarctica but for the entire world.
This graph here shows us how much our Co2 emissions have been rising with temperature
How Will This Effect the Inhabitants of Antarctica?
Antarctica has no permanent human settlers, but there are always scientists in Antarctica to study and check on everything there. So there is no-one to complain or adapt to the changing climate (apart from the scientists, because thats what they go there for). However Antarctica has a diverse range of wild life living in it, such as: Polar bears, Penguins (of all different species), whales, seals and variety of birds. At the moment global warming is only beginning to start its effects, and no animals have been forced into becoming endangered yet. But it will happen soon, because krill, a type of food for penguins and numerous other animals are being affected by the rise in temperature. This is because krill feed off algae that lives underneath the surface ice, but since the ice is breaking/melting up, the krill are starting lose their source of food. If they were ever to become extinct this would have a chain reaction effect on the entire food chain in the Antarctic.
FACT: The number of krill has declined by almost 80% since 1970
Polar bears, as mentioned before are losing pieces of land to rest upon and are now occasionally drowning because of it.
Future change to the environment
If the temperature continues to rise like it is, then the Antarctic summer ice will disappear altogether, sea ice will shrink even more, and the permafrost will begin to thaw. Krill will end up being unable to breed faster then the demand for them, and will die out, and polar bears will have to find a new habitat.These are just some of the consequences that could happen if we continue with our ways as we are now. As you see below, krill is one of the most important creatures in the Antarctic food chain therefor showing how devastating it will be if they die out. The entire landscape will eventually disappear, because almost all of Anarctica is covered in ice, and all habitats for antarctic animals will be destroyed. If this happens a huge part of the worlds unique biodiversity will be rendered extinct, or they will have to adapt very quickly.
How this effects the entire world?
Economical Effects:
If the Antarctic melts, then the global sea level will rise immensely. this means that there will be less land to live on, on top of the fact that the world is covered by over 70% with oceans. And with growing populations means the need for more houses. The price of land will sky rocket, even more then it is now and the countries will be running out of places for tourists and even their own citizens to live in. But also, this will make ship routes, and ships themselves more effective, so the boating companies could benefit greatly from this. This could also flood popular tourist attractions or certain landmarks and lose tourism for certain countries.
Political Effects
Global warming, and the Antarctic ice caps are a currently big issue in politics. As most people would know, Al Gore ex-vice president of the US has been going around flying to places around the world to get the threat of global warming across. But a lot of scientists and politicians have said all of this Global warming hype is for nothing, that our ice caps are not melting, that the temperature we have is completely normal. I believe that the truth is that politicians would prefer to focus on things they think are more important then climate change. Because they are more occupied with things like the war in Iraq, and earning more money for their country's budget. If the ice caps melted away completely in Antarctica, then people would have to believe Gore's theory and the politcal world would be thrown around, with all other current issues abandoned to try and cover up the effects of global warming, but of course by then it would be too late. And all there would be is to throw around the blame, and could lead to fighting and even maybe wars, for the blame of who has contributed most to global warming. This all my idea/ opinion on this matter so it has a high chance of being false.
Shortly put-
Short term effects : distracts politicians from other troubles in the world
Long term effects: can end up with a lot of debate and fighting with blame.
Social Effects
If the Antarctic melts then as said many times before, the global sea level will rise, this will cause societies to have to move to a more crowded place, that they cannot call their own. If the amount of water continues to expand, then it will open up new ship routes which could bring some countries closer to one another, maybe opening up more friendships. The fact that the low lying islands are being flooded, has made it so that they must move to a different country, meaning that the country will not have much room left in it, and fighting could break out, because the locals might not like having others in their country.
My Bibliography
http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/global_warming2.htm +
http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/global_warming.htm - for general info on
_______________________________________________________________
http://www.climatehotmap.org/antarctica.html- Early warming signs that global warming is serious to the Antarctic
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http://www.livescience.com/environment/060330_warming_antarctic.html online news/science articles
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http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200508/s1429905.htm
More proof that global warming effects the Antarctic, even the news agrees.
http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0203-03.htm
information on how penguins are affected by global warming
http://images.wri.org/climatescience_larsenb.jpg
Images of the Larsen B iceshelf
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